| Soroca | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — District (Raion) — | |||
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| Country | Republic of Moldova | ||
| Administrative center (Oraş-reşedinţă) |
Soroca |
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| Government | |||
| • Raion President | Mircea Martîniuc | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 1,043 km2 (402.7 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 347 m (1,138 ft) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 100,400 | ||
| • Density | 96.3/km2 (249.4/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal Code | 230 | ||
| Area code(s) | +373 30 | ||
| Car plates | SR | ||
| Website | www.soroca.org.md | ||
Soroca is a district (Moldovan: raion) in the north-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Soroca. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 100,400.
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The earliest attestations of human presence within today's Soroca district is located near the village Rudi here and discovered traces of prehistoric man with old 35-50.000 years. Like ancient defensive walls or found (IV-III century BC), two cities from the ground: Farfuria Turceasca and Germanariul (IX-XII centuries was our). Between the XII-XIII centuries the city of Soroca place today, there Alchiona genoese fortress. The earliest attestations of villages in the district from the period 1439-1457 are mentioned for the first time when villages: Visoca, Vasilcău, Rudi, Pirlita. In the second half of XVI century Stephan the Great built a wooden fortress on the former Alchiona lobe, has been named the new city of Soroca. The fortress was transformed into its present form between 1543-1546 during the reign of Peter IV Rareş. The existence of the city was subject to create a political border along the Nistru, ensuring trade and economic life protected from foreign invasions. Hundreds of years Soroca was shopping, crafts and agriculture of the Principality of Moldova. Stage of flowering and decay of city and borough Soroca, always dominated by wars waged within the region of Soroca by: Tartars, Cossacks, Poles and Russians. Between 1684-1699, during stay in Poland of the region and fortress were initiated significant changes: they dig a deep moat around the city, built 14 stone casemates inside, up the courtyard, digging a well. City and region gradually loses its military importance, being in possession Soroca fair rule. In 1812 the region has been occupied by Russian Empire, and besides the local population of Moldovans have settled here and many Russians, Ukrainians and Hebrew. Soroca County (1849-1917) administrative unit in the composition of Basarabia in the Russian Empire. As a result of Union of Bessarabia with Romania in 1918, Soroca is the administrative center (1918-1944) in the composition of the Romanian Kingdom. In 1944-1991 Soroca district became the center in the composition of the MSSR. In 1991-2003 as a result of the proclamation of independence of Moldova and implementing the administrative-territorial reform, becomes center Soroca County and in 2003 became district center.
Main form of relief in the district is the Nistru Plateau with hilly terrain and dense strongly fragmented by a network of deep valleys and dales, ravines. To the northwest is a slightly wavy plain. Between river valleys and Cainari and Raut west and east of the Nistru river, wave heights of bank runs, with the appearance of a chain of hills, some places are narrow and form of growth. In district, gray brown soil are forming many areas continue to Nistru height, other soils are humic-calcareous soils, chernozem, alluvial soils, swampy. Maximum altitude in the district, is reached in Vadeni Hill (347 m), Visoca (330 m). Are active processes of erosion, karst, torrents of mud, sometimes landslides.
The climate is temperate-continental. Winter is usually mild and short, but can look and whims, average temperature is -5-6 c. Summer is long and warm, average temperature is 20-21 c. The average annual precipitation is 485 mm. In terms of agro Soroca is located in a region with favorable conditions agro-climate for cereals, sugar beet, tobacco and horticulture development.
Fauna district is typical steppe areas. In the Nistru basin live 68 species of fish, including 13 species of prey. In the district can be seen most of the 270 bird species recorded in the country. Some wildlife species have been introduced in the Red Book: -19 mammals species, birds - 37 species, reptiles - 7. Typical district mammals are foxes, hedgehogs, stone marten, deer, wild boar, raccoon dog, wolf and others.
Forests occupy 7.0% of the district, there is frequently encountered species of oak, hornbeam, maple, linden, ash, elm. Of undergrowth is spread bloody, horn, hawthorn, hazel. Shell is composed of sedge herbaceous, foot brown, smooth, cocksfoot, honey bear, hatchet forest.
The district basement deposits are: granite from Cosauti, Cosauti wrong, Cosauti stone. Building stone found at Ocland, Vărăncău and Visoca. Cretaceous limestones were discovered near the village Vărăncău are used for writing chalk and chalk dust is used in paint industry. Known to Cerlina, tripoli deposits used to produce detergents for isolation and zeolites. Events graphite have been established near the village Holosnita. Iron ore were found near the village Vărăncău. Ore bodies are composed of pyroxene, magnetite and quartz. Over the Nistru - the Cremenciug, Soroca, Vasilcău, Vărăncău, Cerlina are banks of chalk . The limestone is extracted in Visoca.
The main river which bathes the eastern boundary of the district Soroca is Nistru for 93 km on the territory, its tributaries are usually short (15–25 km) as it is now natural barrier (Nistru Plateau). His waters are used for irrigation, public supply and industrial enterprises. In order to meet population ponds were built. Are a network of 64 natural ponds of different origin.
1 January 2011 the district population was 100,400 of which 36.0% urban and 64.0% rural population.
| Ethnic group | Population | % of total* |
|---|---|---|
| Moldovans (Romanians) | 85,659 | 90.18% |
| Ukrainians | 4,752 | 5.00% |
| Russians | 2,601 | 2.74% |
| Gypsies | 1,564 | 1.65% |
| Jews | 65 | 0.07% |
| Gagauzians | 53 | 0.06% |
| Bulgarians | 48 | 0.05% |
| Others | 244 | 0.26% |
The district is in total 24,645 registered businesses. The share of agricultural land is 62,795 ha (60.2%) of total land area. Arable land occupies 55 801 ha (53.5%) of the total agricultural land: planting of orchards - 6348 (6.0%) ha, vineyards occupy 134 ha, 11,794 ha grassland, (11.3%), others - 512 ha.
In Soroca active: 58 educational institutions where teachers operate in 1045 with a number of students - 12 023, 52 preschool children with 291 teachers and 2983 children, a boarding school in Visoca 25 teachers and 98 students, one special school in Soloneţ 24 teachers and 49 students, temporary placement center for children at risk,, Azimut "day center for disabled children with physical, Icarus", Center for Youth, Dacia "House of Creation, , Hope ", 2 sports schools, pedagogical College" Mihai Eminescu "-420 students, Agricultural Technical College-297 students, the College" Prometheus-EPT "- 220 students, College of Arts, 157 students, a vocational school-308 students .
District is located in the so-called North Red electoral region, the region where PCRM get good results, and during the elections of 2001-2009, collecting 50% of the vote.
| Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | +/− | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova | 20,595 | 46.29 | −2.36 | |
| Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova | 9,816 | 22.06 | +8.68 | |
| Democratic Party of Moldova | 6,322 | 14,21 | -1.88 | |
| Liberal Party | 2,565 | 5.76 | −2.20 | |
| Party Alliance Our Moldova | 2,097 | 4.71 | −5.86 | |
| European Action Movement | 937 | 2.11 | +2.11 | |
| Other Party | 2,180 | 4.86 | +1.51 | |
| Total (turnout 60.25%) | 44,867 | 100.00 | ||
In Soroca works: 57 houses and cultural centers, 59 libraries, 6 artistic educational institutions, 2 museums, 80 artistic works, including 29 bands, holding the title of the band model, the total number of monuments - 294, including: 6 sculpture monuments, 189 of national importance, 99 of local importance, 2 monasteries, 'Assumption' of Cosauti and Rudi monastery.
In Soroca works: a hospital with general fund of 375 beds, a center of family doctors in the composition of which are 24 family physician offices, 14 health centers, 11 health points. In health care population of Soroca operates 180 physicians, 506-average personal and 286 medical personnel and support staff.
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